While Europe's citizens largely support the establishment of a common security and defense policy, most European leaders have demonstrated a clear lack of interest in creating one — including at last month's European Council meeting. What accounts for this paradox?
One possible explanation is that financially strained European governments lack the means to fulfill their citizens' expectations. But that is unconvincing, given that the issue was framed in almost identical terms three decades ago, when budgetary constraints were not a problem. In fact, it could be argued that such constraints should spur, not impede, the creation of a European defense structure. After all, member countries would then be able to pool their resources, harmonize programs, and rationalize costs, thereby reducing individual governments' financial burden.
Another, far more credible explanation is that Europeans' interpretations of "a more active and stronger security policy" differ widely. Indeed, current discussions in Europe concerning the use of force are dominated by three main perspectives, championed by France, the United Kingdom and Germany.
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