Events in 2012 so far have confirmed a new global dissymmetry. Caught between unprecedented financial insecurity and a somber economic outlook, the rich OECD countries and their middle classes fear geopolitical weakening and downward social mobility. In much of Asia, Africa and Latin America, however, optimism reigns.
Among developed countries, this unexpected shift of fortune has incited protectionism, exemplified by French calls for de-globalization. Meanwhile, among emerging economies, pride has sometimes manifested itself as conceit, tinged, after decades of Western arrogance, with schadenfreude. But, because the world's developed, emerging, and developing economies are now so closely linked, they will either dog-paddle out of this crisis together or enter into a danger zone unseen since the 1930s.
After World War II, a new global economy emerged, in which a number of developing countries adopted export-led growth models, thereby providing industrialized countries with raw materials and household goods. This new economy was a success: More people left poverty in the 20th century than in the preceding two millenniums. And it enriched OECD countries, as imports of cheap goods and services strengthened their purchasing power.
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