With artificial intelligence set to play a growing role in geopolitical competition and future conflicts, the White House has directed the Pentagon and other U.S. national security agencies to speed up the adoption of the critical technology and fend off its potential exploitation by rivals.

But given Washington's global network of defense alliances, the guidance provided in the White House’s first-ever National Security Memorandum (NSM) on AI is also bound to have implications for U.S. allies and partners, some of which are already struggling to keep up with the fast pace of technological change.

“Other countries are likely to feel pressure to enable their own agencies to access these tools as a result of concerns about their own national security preparedness falling behind other countries,” said Ali Plucinski, a cyberanalyst at geopolitics and intelligence firm RANE.