Sexual harassment from voters, often referred to as "vote harassment" or hyohara in Japanese, remains a persistent issue for female candidates during election campaigns.
According to a survey by the Cabinet Office in 2021, the last year a Lower House poll took place, 24.9% of female candidates reported experiencing sexual harassment during their campaigns.
Despite a record 314 women running in Sunday's Lower House election, vote harassment continues to be a significant barrier to women's participation in politics.
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