Emperor Akihito on Tuesday became Japan's first monarch in more than 200 years to relinquish the throne, but around the world such moves are not uncommon.
Including Commonwealth nations, the world has over 40 countries with some form of monarchy, the structures of which vary widely. Unlike Japan, which only allows male imperial family members to ascend the throne, many recognize female succession, and a number of monarchs have stepped down recently due mainly to old age.
In Vatican City, which is governed as an absolute monarchy, Pope Benedict XVI shocked the world when he announced his resignation in February 2013 at the age of 85 after nearly eight years in office. Pontiffs are normally expected to serve until death, but Benedict, citing a lack of strength due to his advancing age, became the first pope to voluntarily step down in about 600 years.