As Japan this week dealt with a trifecta of natural phenomena — flood, earthquake and volcano — a recent survey has found that Tokyo's high exposure to man-made and natural threats makes it the world's second-riskiest city to live in after Taipei.
In a recent report, the Lloyd's international insurance market says the likelihood of events occurring over the next 10 years means Tokyo risks a possible economic loss of $153.28 billion of its GDP.
The report, Lloyd's City Risk Index 2015-2025, was developed with Cambridge University's Center for Risk Studies to help governments and businesses highly exposed to catastrophic shocks better prepare.
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