Training both men and women to be better managers is the key to encouraging women to pursue lifelong working careers, according to Victoria Bolam, head of a Tokyo-based corporate personnel training firm.

Speaking at a Tokyo seminar last weekend on women in the workplace, Bolam said male managers do not know how to utilize the women working for them, and this is because the men have not been trained well enough.

She said there are few programs in Japan that deal with different communication styles or working with ethnic minorities compared with the West.