Erica Cristina has been "breathing in smoke every day" since a large fire broke out across the river from the city of Corumba, the gateway to Brazil's Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetlands.
The blaze, which filled the bar she owns with soot, is one of hundreds burning in the vast, wildlife-rich Pantanal which is experiencing record fires for this time of year.
"It's chaotic," the 44-year-old said in central-western Corumba, where the fire last week turned the sky bright red.
Originally from Rio de Janeiro, this long-time resident of the Pantanal region said increasing fires were making the situation for residents "worse with the passing of the years."
"Many people lost their homes" in fires since 2020 — the worst year on record for blazes in the region — and "the main problems are due to health, respiratory problems," said Cristina.
In the first half of this year, satellites recorded more than 3,300 fires in the region slightly bigger than England, 33% more than in 2020.
Experts say that the blazes result from harsh drought linked to climate change and deliberate fires set to expand agricultural land into the forest burning out of control.
The Pantanal, which extends into Bolivia and Paraguay, is home to millions of caimans, parrots, giant otters and the world's highest density of jaguars.
Seasonal flooding across plains, marshes, savannahs and forest areas during the rainy season is crucial to the biodiverse ecosystem.
Environment Minister Marina Silva warned on Monday that the Pantanal was facing "one of the worst situations ever seen."
"We did not have the usual floods or the gap between El Nino and La Nina," two weather phenomena that affect rainfall, she said.
A study published on Wednesday by the MapBiomas network said the wet surface of the Pantanal was 61% drier than the historical average last year.
The drought "caused a large amount of organic matter at the combustion point to cause these fires," said Silva, who will visit the region on Friday.
The fires are hitting new records even before the peak of the dry season.
"Strong winds, the fire and the heat usually start in August," but "it hasn't rained in the region for 50 days," said Bruno Bellan, a 25-year-old rancher.
Bellan has 900 head of cattle on his family farm in Mato Grosso do Sul State, home to much of the wetlands, which declared a state of emergency over the fires on Monday.
His property is two kilometers from one large blaze that firefighters have struggled to access.
"We are worried that the fire will enter the farm and cause destruction. The cattle are afraid and could get lost in the flames," said Bellan.
Retired soldier Naldinei Ivan Ojeda, 53, said he was considering leaving his hometown due to the breathing problems he and his 15-year-old son have experienced.
He points the blame squarely at the people who start the fires, rather than the dry conditions that spur them along.
"There are no accidental fires in the Pantanal. I have never seen a fire come out of nowhere here. Every year, it is the same."
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