LIGHTNING IN THE VOID: The Authentic History of Miyamoto Musashi, by John Carroll. Tokyo: Printed Matter Press, 2006, 520 pp., 2,500 yen (paper).

Any history calling itself "authentic" posits one that is inauthentic. Here the target is apparent. It is the "Miyamoto Musashi" of Eiji Yoshikawa, published 1935-39 and translated into English as "Musashi" in 1981.

Still in print and going strong, Yoshikawa's best-seller achieved its popularity by cleaning up its hero, giving him an idealistic education and assuring that he was the poster-boy bushido-type warrior Japan needed in 1935 at the beginning of its final military adventure.

This new and "authentic" Musashi, however, is quite dissimilar. He is reported to be a "stinking wretch who actually boasts that he never takes a bath," who practices an "inelegant, meat-chopping style" of swordsmanship, and would seem to believe that "nothing can beat the look on a man's face when he sees his cock and balls go flying into space."