Challenges for American diplomacy stem from the characteristics of each administration. How will Donald Trump’s reelection affect international relations in the area of critical and emerging technologies?

Compared with the “America First” approach embraced by President-elect Trump during his first term, outgoing President Joe Biden’s administration has placed greater emphasis on international cooperation.

At the same time, Trump’s foreign policy was not entirely unilateral and Biden has not always fostered seamless collaboration among allies. It is therefore important to consider not only the tendencies of each administration, but structural issues too.