The European Union will impose tariffs of up to 37.6% from Friday on imports of electric vehicles made in China, EU officials said, ratcheting up tensions with Beijing in Brussels' largest trade case yet.

There is however a four-month window during which the tariffs are provisional and intensive talks are expected to continue between the two sides as Beijing threatens wide-ranging retaliation.

The European Commission's provisional duties of between 17.4% and 37.6% without backdating are designed to prevent what its president, Ursula von der Leyen, has said is a threatened flood of cheap EVs built with state subsidies.